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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Real-Time Imaging of CCL5-Induced Migration of Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice
Published on: September 16, 2020
Bone marrow: orchestrated cells, cytokines, and growth factors for bone regeneration
Muna Soltan1, Dennis Smiler, Jennifer H Choi
1Private Practice, 9402 Magnolia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92503, USA. soltandds@aol.com
Abstract:
Bone regeneration requires an orchestrated interaction between various cells and other biological components. The synthesis of bone matrix with the release of cellular cytokines and growth factors facilitates and regulates cell growth. This leads to the maturation of bone that can support functional implants. Bone-marrow aspirate is a rich source of cells, cytokines, and growth factors needed for bone formation. Harvesting the marrow from the anterior iliac crest is a simple, safe, and cost-effective procedure. Mixing it with a resorbable scaffold and transplanting it to a site can predictably enhance bone regeneration. This article explores the anatomy of the bone marrow and describes the necessary elements for successful bone grafts, such as cells, bone matrix, and cellular regulators (both soluble and insoluble).
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