Cutaneous manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in children

Cutaneous disorders are among the most common manifestations of HIV infection in both children and adults. Because of the obvious visibility of the integument, these lesions are often the presenting manifestation of HIV-related disease. The cutaneous afflictions are frequently related to the sequelae of impaired immunity and include opportunistic infections and neoplasms as well as dramatic exacerbations and/or the development of rapidly progressive and severe manifestations in pre-existing, normally benign dermatoses. In many cases of AIDS, iatrogenic cutaneous disorders associated with toxic or allergic drug reactions are seen. With the increasing incidence of pediatric HIV infection and with therapeutic prolongation of survival, certain cutaneous manifestations (especially drug reactions) are likely to become more common. Kaposi sarcoma and other neoplasms may be recognized with increased frequency in HIV-infected children. New or previously unrecognized cutaneous manifestations of pediatric AIDS are likely to emerge. Familiarity with the various dermatologic presentations of pediatric AIDS can result in the earlier diagnosis and treatment of the disease and, hopefully, the prolongation of the patient's life.