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Related Concept Videos

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
Maturation of Endosomes01:28

Maturation of Endosomes

The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...
Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis

The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
The recycling endosome is not a single organelle but an extensively tubulated network of recycling pathways. It functions in storing molecules or transporting them across...
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...
The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin01:28

The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin

Essential proteins such as insulin or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and micronutrients such as iron enter a eukaryotic cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, the early endosomes fuse with the vesicles containing such receptor-ligand complexes and play a vital role in sorting the incoming ligands and receptors. While the ligands are either degraded inside the vesicle or released into the cytosol, their receptors are returned to the plasma membrane for further rounds of...
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...

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A Model Membrane Platform for Reconstituting Mitochondrial Membrane Dynamics
10:31

A Model Membrane Platform for Reconstituting Mitochondrial Membrane Dynamics

Published on: September 2, 2020

Viruses and endosome membrane dynamics.

Jean Gruenberg1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. jean.gruenberg@unige.ch

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|May 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viruses exploit various cellular endocytic pathways to infect animal cells, offering new insights into membrane transport mechanisms. These viral entry strategies reveal complex molecular interactions within the cell.

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In Vitro Polymerization of F-actin on Early Endosomes
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In Vitro Polymerization of F-actin on Early Endosomes

Published on: August 28, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Animal cells internalize molecules via multiple endocytic routes beyond clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
  • These pathways converge at canonical endosomes, serving as entry points for various cellular components.
  • Viruses have evolved diverse strategies to hijack these cellular machineries for infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding viral entry pathways into animal cells.
  • To explore how viral infection mechanisms illuminate endocytic membrane transport.
  • To highlight the diverse roles of endocytosis in cellular processes and viral pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on viral endocytosis.
  • Analysis of viral strategies for cellular entry.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms controlling endocytic transport.

Main Results:

  • Viruses utilize a broad spectrum of endocytic routes for cellular entry.
  • Viral adaptation showcases the plasticity and complexity of cellular endocytic machinery.
  • Studies on viral entry provide novel insights into the regulation of endocytic membrane dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Viral entry mechanisms are diverse and exploit multiple cellular pathways.
  • Understanding viral endocytosis offers a unique lens into fundamental cell biology processes.
  • Further research into viral-cellular interactions can uncover new therapeutic targets and biological insights.