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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure01:15

Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure

Endotracheal or ET intubation is a critical medical procedure used to secure a patient's airway, often in acute respiratory distress, apnea, upper airway obstruction, ineffective clearance of secretions, high risk for aspiration, or during general anesthesia.
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
Endotracheal Intubation II: Nursing Management01:17

Endotracheal Intubation II: Nursing Management

Endotracheal intubation is a critical procedure that can be lifesaving for many patients with respiratory distress or failure. The role of nursing in managing endotracheal tubes is pivotal, as it involves pre-intubation preparation, assisting during the procedure, and post-extubation care.
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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

[Propofol sedation administered by nurses for endoscopic procedures].

Peter Vilmann1, Pernille Hornslet, Hanne Simmons

  • 1Gentofte Hospital, Kirurgisk Gastroenterologisk Afdeling, DK-2900 Hellerup. Pevi@geh.regionh.dk

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|June 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Nurse-administered propofol sedation (NAPS) is a safe and effective method for endoscopic procedures. This sedation technique requires proper training and collaboration with anesthesiologists for successful implementation.

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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Medical procedures
  • Anesthesiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Rising demand for sedation in endoscopic procedures.
  • Increasing popularity of nurse-administered propofol sedation (NAPS).
  • Introduction of NAPS at Gentofte Hospital in 2007 following structured training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of NAPS in endoscopic procedures.
  • To present the results of NAPS implementation at Gentofte Hospital.

Main Methods:

  • Monitoring of patients undergoing endoscopy with NAPS.
  • Parameters monitored included blood pressure, pulse oximetry, electrocardiography, and respiration.
  • Data collected on patient demographics (ASA classification) and propofol dosage.

Main Results:

  • 229 patients (233 procedures) included, with varying ASA classifications.
  • Median propofol dose: 330 mg.
  • 18 patients experienced hypoxia (<92% oxygen saturation), mostly transient (<60 seconds).
  • No serious sedation-related adverse events were observed.

Conclusions:

  • NAPS is a suitable sedation method for endoscopy.
  • Implementation of NAPS in Denmark is recommended.
  • Proper training and collaboration with anesthesiologists are crucial for NAPS.