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Related Concept Videos

Carbon Skeletons01:12

Carbon Skeletons

Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side chains...
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
Structure of Alkanes02:23

Structure of Alkanes

The formation of carbon-carbon bonds leading to the creation of the carbon chain is the basis of organic chemistry. August Kekulé and Archibald Scott Couper independently developed this idea of carbon chain formation.
Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds composed of carbons and hydrogens. Based on the bond order between carbons, the hydrocarbons are further classified into alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. 
Alkanes are the simplest hydrocarbons with sp3 hybrid carbon atoms. These sp3...
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
08:40

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Published on: May 15, 2018

Deriving carbon atomic chains from graphene.

Chuanhong Jin1, Haiping Lan, Lianmao Peng

  • 1Nanotube Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan.

Physical Review Letters
|June 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created stable carbon atomic chains from graphene using electron irradiation. These chains are key components for future all-carbon molecular electronic devices.

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Preparation of Carbon Nanosheets at Room Temperature
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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
08:40

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Published on: May 15, 2018

Preparation of Carbon Nanosheets at Room Temperature
10:44

Preparation of Carbon Nanosheets at Room Temperature

Published on: March 8, 2016

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems (C-MEMS)
08:01

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems (C-MEMS)

Published on: June 17, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene is a 2D material with unique electronic properties.
  • Atomic chains represent the ultimate limit for conductive materials.
  • Precise manipulation of atomic structures is crucial for nanoscale devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally create and characterize stable carbon atomic chains.
  • To understand the dynamics of carbon atomic chains.
  • To explore the potential of carbon atomic chains in molecular electronics.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled energetic electron irradiation of graphene within a transmission electron microscope.
  • Density-functional theory calculations to model atomic behavior.

Main Results:

  • Stable and rigid carbon atomic chains were successfully fabricated.
  • The formation, migration, and breakage dynamics of these chains were observed and explained.
  • Carbon atomic chains were identified as potential conducting channels for molecular devices.

Conclusions:

  • A novel method for creating carbon atomic chains from graphene was demonstrated.
  • The study provides fundamental insights into the behavior of one-dimensional carbon structures.
  • This work paves the way for developing advanced all-carbon-based molecular electronic devices.