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Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

Chromosome Replication

Chromosome Replication

Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins. This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin of...

Replication in Prokaryotes

Replication in Prokaryotes

DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
Replication is coordinated and carried out by a host of specialized...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

Universal temporal profile of replication origin activation in eukaryotes.

Arach Goldar¹, Marie-Claude Marsolier-Kergoat, Olivier Hyrien

¹Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), iBiTec-S, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. arach.goldar@cea.fr

|June 13, 2009

Summary

Eukaryotic DNA replication initiation rates share a conserved temporal profile across species, suggesting evolutionary pressure for efficient genome duplication. A simple model explains this universal pattern, highlighting conserved replication dynamics.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

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Published on: March 22, 2018

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

Published on: May 2, 2025

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Cell Biology

Background:

Eukaryotic DNA replication initiation mechanisms vary across species.
Replication origins fire asynchronously during S phase, with a reproducible temporal program at the population level.
The significance and mechanisms underlying this temporal regulation remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To extract and compare population-averaged temporal profiles of replication initiation rates across diverse eukaryotic species.
To investigate the universality of replication initiation timing and its underlying regulatory principles.
To test a minimal stochastic model for replication origin firing.

Main Methods:

Analysis of genome-wide replication timing data.
Utilization of DNA combing data.
Extraction of population-averaged temporal profiles of replication initiation rates for *S. cerevisiae*, *S. pombe*, *D. melanogaster*, *X. laevis*, and *H. sapiens*.
Quantitative modeling of stochastic origin firing.

Main Results:

All analyzed eukaryotic species exhibit a conserved, similar shape in their population-averaged replication initiation rate profiles.
These profiles increase during the first half of S phase and decrease towards the end.
A minimal stochastic model, incorporating a limiting replication-fork factor and fork-promoted initiation, accurately describes these universal profiles.

Conclusions:

A universal behavior of eukaryotic replication initiation, independent of specific origin recognition mechanisms, has been identified.
The conserved temporal profile suggests evolutionary selection for timely genome replication and efficient protein usage.
A generalized quantitative model can explain the evolutionary conservation of replication origin usage dynamics.