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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers02:30

Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers

A racemic mixture, or racemate, is an equimolar mixture of enantiomers of a molecule that can be separated using their unique interaction with chiral molecules or media. Racemic mixtures are denoted by the (±)- prefix. This ‘optical rotation descriptor’ applies to the whole solution of a racemic mixture rather than a specific stereoisomer. Enantiomers typically have the same physical and chemical properties. Hence, they are not easily separable. However, enantiomers can exhibit different...
Size-Exclusion Chromatography01:08

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
Silica particles offer advantages such as rigidity,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Measuring Material Microstructure Under Flow Using 1-2 Plane Flow-Small Angle Neutron Scattering
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Measuring Material Microstructure Under Flow Using 1-2 Plane Flow-Small Angle Neutron Scattering

Published on: February 6, 2014

Separation of microscale chiral objects by shear flow.

Marcos1, Henry C Fu, Thomas R Powers

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|June 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microfluidic flow separates helical bacteria by chirality. This efficient method uses flow-induced drift, offering potential for chiral molecule separation.

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Biophysics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Nonmotile, helical bacteria exhibit unique responses to fluid flow.
  • Microfluidic devices enable precise control over cellular environments.
  • Chiral separation is crucial in pharmaceuticals and biotechnology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the chiral separation of nonmotile helical bacteria using microfluidic flow.
  • To develop a model predicting bacterial drift based on helical shape and flow parameters.
  • To explore the extension of this method for chiral molecule separation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing plane parabolic flow in a microfluidic channel.
  • Observing the drift of helically shaped bacteria perpendicular to the shear plane.
  • Applying resistive force theory to model bacterial drift and separation efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Helical bacteria exhibit drift perpendicular to the shear plane, dependent on helix chirality and shear rate.
  • Efficient separation (>80%) achieved in under 2 seconds.
  • Model based on resistive force theory accurately predicts observed drift.
  • Brownian rotational diffusion effects on chiral separation were estimated.

Conclusions:

  • Microfluidic flow effectively separates chiral bacteria based on their helical structure.
  • The developed model provides a predictive framework for chiral separation.
  • This technique shows promise for the separation of chiral molecules.