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Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
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Published on: October 31, 2010

Non-AIDS-defining cancers.

Justin Stebbing1, Onyinyechi Duru, Mark Bower

  • 1Department of Oncology, Imperial College School of Medicine, The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|June 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People with HIV have increased risks for non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs). These cancers significantly impact HIV-related mortality, even with modern treatments, and risk doesn't solely depend on immune status.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Individuals with HIV infection face elevated risks for various non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs).
  • Immune suppression, seen in organ transplant recipients, also increases NADC risk, suggesting a role for immune status in pathogenesis.
  • While some NADCs are virally linked, others like lung cancer lack clear viral oncogene association, leaving their increased incidence in immunosuppressed individuals unexplained.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the incidence and pathogenesis of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) in individuals with HIV infection.
  • To understand the role of immune suppression in the development of NADCs.
  • To assess the impact of NADCs on morbidity and mortality in the context of modern HIV therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published literature on non-AIDS-defining cancers in HIV-infected individuals.
  • Analysis of data concerning cancer incidence in immunosuppressed populations.
  • Evaluation of the relationship between immune status and NADC risk.

Main Results:

  • A limited number of specific NADCs are disproportionately represented in HIV-infected populations.
  • Much of the existing data predates the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), limiting applicability to current clinical practice.
  • NADCs are a major contributor to illness and death among people with HIV, even with effective HAART.

Conclusions:

  • Non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the HAART era.
  • The risk for NADCs in HIV-infected individuals does not consistently correlate with the degree of general immunodeficiency.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the pathogenesis of NADCs, particularly those not linked to viral oncogenes.