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Updated: Jun 21, 2026
07:15
Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation
Published on: December 5, 2025
Should patients be manually ventilated during rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia?
Paul Clements1, Stephen J Washington, Anthony McCluskey
1Department of Anesthesia, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, UK.
Summary
Pulmonary aspiration during anesthesia is a serious risk. Techniques like tracheal intubation with muscle relaxants and cricoid pressure have been developed to mitigate this danger.
Area of Science:
- Anesthesiology
- Patient Safety
Background:
- Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents poses significant risks during anesthesia.
- Mendelson's 1946 publication highlighted the morbidity and mortality associated with aspiration.
- Gastric regurgitation during anesthesia remains a critical concern for patient safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the historical context and advancements in preventing pulmonary aspiration during anesthesia.
- To highlight key developments in anesthetic practice aimed at reducing aspiration risks.
Main Methods:
- Historical review of anesthetic practices and publications.
- Examination of the introduction and impact of pharmacological agents and physical techniques.
Main Results:
- The introduction of suxamethonium enabled rapid tracheal intubation under muscle relaxation.
- Sellick's description of cricoid pressure provided a method to prevent gastric regurgitation.
Conclusions:
- Significant progress has been made in managing the risks of pulmonary aspiration during anesthesia.
- Key innovations like muscle relaxants and cricoid pressure have improved patient safety.
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