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Related Concept Videos

Patterns of Fever01:26

Patterns of Fever

Before understanding the types and patterns of fever, it is essential to know its phases.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.
Types of Fever01:25

Types of Fever

Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
Here are the different types of fever:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Cultivation Methods of Spirochetes from Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Complex and Relapsing Fever Borrelia
10:37

Cultivation Methods of Spirochetes from Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Complex and Relapsing Fever Borrelia

Published on: November 25, 2022

Current issues in relapsing fever.

Christer Larsson1, Marie Andersson, Sven Bergström

  • 1Umeå University, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå, Sweden.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|July 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Relapsing fever, a significant bacterial threat in Africa, is now better understood through genomic and molecular advances. Research highlights its persistence, potential for congenital infection, and need for extended antibiotic treatment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Cultivation Methods of Spirochetes from Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Complex and Relapsing Fever Borrelia
10:37

Cultivation Methods of Spirochetes from Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Complex and Relapsing Fever Borrelia

Published on: November 25, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bacteriology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Relapsing fever presents the highest incidence and epidemic potential among bacterial diseases in Africa, exacerbated by regional instability.
  • The disease is frequently misdiagnosed, often confused with malaria, due to variable clinical presentations.
  • Relapsing fever poses significant risks during pregnancy, leading to intrauterine growth retardation, placental damage, and congenital infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in diagnostics, molecular biology, and host-pathogen interactions related to relapsing fever.
  • To highlight the evolving understanding of relapsing fever, moving it from a neglected disease to a focus of intense research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature focusing on relapsing fever.
  • Analysis of newly published complete relapsing fever genomes.
  • Examination of findings from the first site-specific genetic knockout complementation studies.

Main Results:

  • Complete genomes of relapsing fever pathogens are now available, facilitating advanced molecular studies.
  • Research has elucidated mechanisms of tissue invasion, membrane biochemistry, and complement evasion.
  • Evidence indicates relapsing fever can establish persistent infections in the brain, with potential for reactivation.
  • Optimal treatment requires extended antibiotic courses, not single doses, to prevent residual infection.
  • Spirochetes can cross the maternal-foetal barrier, causing congenital infections and pregnancy complications.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in genomics, molecular biology, and diagnostics are transforming relapsing fever research.
  • A deeper understanding of host-pathogen interactions is emerging, offering new insights into disease mechanisms.
  • Despite challenges, relapsing fever research is entering a new era of scientific inquiry and potential intervention.