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Related Concept Videos

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Defect scattering in graphene.

Jian-Hao Chen1, W G Cullen, C Jang

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA.

Physical Review Letters
|August 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ion irradiation of graphene creates defects, significantly reducing conductivity and mobility. This defect scattering leads to insulating behavior at low temperatures, exceeding theoretical limits for pristine graphene.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene exhibits unique electronic properties highly sensitive to defects.
  • Understanding ion irradiation effects is crucial for graphene-based electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of low-energy Ne and He ion irradiation on graphene.
  • To characterize defect-induced scattering mechanisms and their effect on conductivity and mobility.

Main Methods:

  • Irradiation of graphene on SiO2 with 500 eV Ne and He ions.
  • Raman spectroscopy to detect defect-induced intervalley scattering (D band intensity).
  • Electrical transport measurements to determine conductivity and mobility.

Main Results:

  • Ion irradiation created defects, evidenced by increased Raman D band intensity.
  • Conductivity became proportional to carrier density; mobility decreased inversely with ion dose.
  • Mobility reduction was 4x greater than from charged impurities.
  • Minimum conductivity dropped below theoretical limits, indicating significant intervalley scattering.
  • Defected graphene exhibited diverging resistivity at low temperatures, showing insulating behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Ion-induced lattice defects create midgap states in graphene.
  • These defects dominate charge carrier scattering, leading to reduced conductivity and mobility.
  • The observed insulating behavior highlights the detrimental effects of defects on graphene's electronic performance.