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Related Concept Videos

General Characteristics of Pipe Flow II01:24

General Characteristics of Pipe Flow II

When fluid enters a pipe, it first passes through the entrance region, where the velocity profile adjusts due to viscous effects. In this region, a boundary layer forms along the pipe walls and grows until it fully occupies the pipe's cross-section. Once the boundary layer merges, the flow becomes fully developed, with a steady velocity profile that remains consistent along the pipe's length.
The distance to reach a fully developed flow is called the entrance length and depends on the flow...
Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent spots,...
General Characteristics of Pipe Flow I01:22

General Characteristics of Pipe Flow I

Pipe flow refers to the movement of fluids within fully enclosed conduits, typically cylindrical in shape, such as water pipes or hydraulic hoses. These conduits are designed to withstand high-pressure gradients that drive fluid movement, contrasting with open-channel flows, where gravity is the primary driving force. Rectangular conduits, like air conditioning and heating ducts, generally operate at lower pressures and are less suited for high-pressure applications.
The classification of fluid...
Laminar Flow01:27

Laminar Flow

Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:
Introduction to Types of Flows01:23

Introduction to Types of Flows

Fluid flows are categorized by dimensionality and behavior, with one-dimensional flow being the simplest form, where properties like velocity and pressure change only along a single axis. Water moving through straight pipes exemplifies this flow type, as variations in other directions are minimal. One-dimensional analysis helps simplify understanding such flows, focusing solely on changes along the pipe's length.
Two-dimensional flow involves changes in both length and height, as seen in air...
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.

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Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
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Transition in localized pipe flow turbulence.

Fernando Mellibovsky1, Alvaro Meseguer, Tobias M Schneider

  • 1Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.

Physical Review Letters
|October 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates transitional pipe flow dynamics. At higher Reynolds numbers, turbulent puffs grow indefinitely, unlike the stable edge state, revealing a two-step transition process.

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Published on: February 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Turbulence theory
  • Computational physics

Background:

  • Transitional pipe flow is a complex phenomenon.
  • Understanding the transition from laminar to turbulent flow is crucial.
  • The phase space saddle region governs this transition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the dynamics of the saddle region in transitional pipe flow.
  • To investigate the edge state separating laminar and turbulent flow.
  • To analyze the behavior of intermittent turbulent puffs.

Main Methods:

  • Direct numerical simulation (DNS) in a long computational domain.
  • Shoot and bisection method to compute critical trajectories.
  • Analysis of Reynolds numbers from 1800 to 2800.

Main Results:

  • For Re <= 2000, edge states and intermittent puffs share similar global properties.
  • For Re >= 2200, puff length grows unboundedly, while edge state remains stable.
  • Transition occurs in two stages: localized turbulent patch formation, then spreading.

Conclusions:

  • The edge state acts as a chaotic saddle, crucial for understanding transition.
  • Flow behavior differs significantly above and below Re=2200.
  • A two-stage transition mechanism is identified for higher Reynolds numbers.