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Related Concept Videos

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

Colligative Properties of ElectrolytesThe colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one dissolved...
Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient01:17

Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient

The extended Debye-Hückel equation indicates that the activity coefficient of an ion in an aqueous solution at 25°C depends on three partially interdependent properties: the ionic strength of the solution, the charge of the ion, and the ion size. 
The activity coefficient value for an ion is close to one when the solution has almost zero ionic strength, i.e., when the solution shows close to ideal behavior. As the ionic strength of the solution increases from 0 to 0.1 mol/L, a decrease in the...
Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

Ionic Strength: Overview

The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution to...
Problem Solving on Stress and Strain01:22

Problem Solving on Stress and Strain

Stress is a quantity that describes the magnitude of a force that causes deformation, generally defined as internal force per unit area. When forces pull on an object and cause its elongation, like the stretching of an elastic band, it is called tensile stress. When forces cause the compression of an object, it is known as compressive stress. When an object is being squeezed uniformly from all sides, like a submarine in the depths of the ocean, we call this kind of stress bulk stress (or volume...
Thermodynamics: Activity Coefficient01:24

Thermodynamics: Activity Coefficient

Activity is the measure of the effective concentration of the species in solution. It can be expressed as the product of the molar concentration of the species and its activity coefficient. The activity coefficient is a dimensionless quantity and depends on the total ionic strength of the solution.
The activity coefficient is a measure of the deviation from ideal behavior. When the ionic strength of the solution is minimal, the activity coefficient of an ionic species is close to unity, making...
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Thermal Scanning Conductometry (TSC) as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels
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Thermal Scanning Conductometry (TSC) as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels

Published on: January 23, 2018

THE IONIC ACTIVITY OF GELATIN.

H S Simms1

  • 1Department of Animal Pathology of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, N. J.

The Journal of General Physiology
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Gelatin

Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry of Polymers
  • Biophysical Chemistry

Background:

  • Gelatin's complex behavior in solution is influenced by its polyvalent amphoteric nature.
  • Understanding charge interactions in gelatin is crucial for applications in various fields.
  • Previous models often simplified the charge distribution and interactions within gelatin molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To potentiometrically titrate gelatin in the presence of various salts to understand charge interactions.
  • To calculate the mean distance between like charges in gelatin molecules.
  • To investigate the influence of different salt types and concentrations on gelatin's charge behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Potentiometric titration of gelatin (2.5% and 1.25%) in the absence and presence of NaCl, MgCl2, K2SO4, and MgSO4 at specific concentrations.

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Synthesis of Strong Adhesive Hydrogel, Gelatin O-Nitrosobenzaldehyde
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Thermal Scanning Conductometry (TSC) as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels
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Synthesis of Strong Adhesive Hydrogel, Gelatin O-Nitrosobenzaldehyde
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Synthesis of Strong Adhesive Hydrogel, Gelatin O-Nitrosobenzaldehyde

Published on: November 11, 2022

  • Calculation of S values using the provided equations to determine charge distances.
  • Analysis of deviations (DeltaS) from NaCl data to assess the impact of other electrolytes.

    • Main Results:

    • The mean distance between like charges in gelatin was determined to be approximately 18 Angstroms (Å).
    • Gelatin behaves as a weak polyvalent ampholyte with distant charged groups.
    • "Apparent valences" for acid and basic groups were calculated, indicating maximum values of 2.4 and 1.8, respectively.

    Conclusions:

    • Gelatin exhibits an arborescent molecular structure with solvent-permeated interstices.
    • The study quantitatively validates theoretical models for weak electrolytes applied to gelatin.
    • The findings provide insights into gelatin's interaction with ionic strength and its structural variability with pH.