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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
Published on: November 28, 2018
Arda Sanli Okmen1, Ertan Okmen
1Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Memorial Hospital, 34758, Istanbul, Turkey.
A rare quadricuspid aortic valve was incidentally discovered in a 75-year-old woman presenting with stable angina. This uncommon aortic valve anomaly showed near-normal function despite the patient's age.
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