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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
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Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
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Ensemble-averaged imaging through highly scattering media.

E Leith, P Naulleau, D Dilworth

    Optics Letters
    |November 3, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel holographic imaging method to see through scattering materials. By averaging multiple holograms, it reconstructs phase information, enabling clear imaging of hidden objects.

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    Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
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    Published on: July 1, 2019

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    Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material
    11:57

    Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

    Published on: May 20, 2013

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Biomedical Imaging
    • Wave Phenomena

    Background:

    • Imaging through scattering media like biological tissues or fog is a significant challenge in various scientific fields.
    • Conventional imaging techniques are often limited by severe light scattering, obscuring details of objects within or behind the medium.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and present a robust method for obtaining high-resolution images through highly scattering media.
    • To overcome the limitations of traditional imaging by utilizing holographic principles and advanced averaging techniques.

    Main Methods:

    • The method involves recording multiple holograms of the object or scene.
    • An extensive averaging process is applied to these holograms to estimate the phase distribution at the medium's exit surface.
    • This phase information is combined with magnitude data to reconstruct an ensemble-averaged wavefront.

    Main Results:

    • The ensemble-averaged wavefront allows for effective backprojection to form an image.
    • The technique successfully visualizes absorbers located within or behind the scattering medium.
    • The averaging process significantly reduces noise and artifacts caused by scattering.

    Conclusions:

    • This holographic approach provides a powerful tool for imaging in scattering environments.
    • The method demonstrates potential for applications in non-invasive imaging and material analysis.
    • Accurate phase estimation is crucial for successful image reconstruction through scattering media.