[Pathomorphology of vitreoretinal proliferative membranes: review]

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) appears to be one of the main reasons of functional and sometimes also anatomical death of the eye after its damages and diseases as well as is one of the heavy complications of the post operation period at vitreoretinal surgery. PVR is characterized by the occurrence at first glial and then connective-tissue tensions on the fundus of the eye the basis of which is the formation of cellular-fibrillar pre- and subretinal membranes consisting of macrophagal, fibroplastic, glial and pigmentary-epithelial cells as well as of the substrates of extracellular matrix. The basis of the formation of proliferative membranes appears to be the same reparative processes which are observed at the cicatrisation of wound: cellular chemotaxis and mitosis, the synthesis of extracellular matrix, the processes of remodelling and contractions in newly formed cicatricial tissue. According to the data of histological investigations the proliferative membranes consist of: intercellular substances, presented by collagenous and elastinic fibers of different thickness; cellular components - fibroblasts, macrophages, glial cells, pigmentary-epithelial cells, and lymphocytes. The review showed that there are no significant differences in the structure of epi- and subretinal membranes in the patients with PVR develop against the background of principally different diseases which testifies to general genesis of development and formation of proliferative tissue in the cavity of eyeball. The complicated system of intercellular interrelations and interaction in the pathological focus, activates a whole complex of pathogenetic factors which conditions the development and formation of vitreoretinal proliferative membranes.