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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
349
Dysrhythmias I: Introduction01:15

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

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Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...
464
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Related Experiment Video

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Transesophageal Atrial Burst Pacing for Atrial Fibrillation Induction in Rats
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Arrhythmogenic seizures.

P Jallon1

  • 1Unit of Clinical Epileptology, Canton Hospital of the University of Geneva, Micheli du Crest 24, Geneva, Switzerland.

Epilepsia
|November 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arrhythmogenic seizures, a potential cause of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), involve cardiac changes during seizures. Documented life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias during epilepsy are rare, but their underlying mechanisms and brain origins are reviewed.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a significant concern in epilepsy management.
  • Cardiac dysfunction, including arrhythmias, is increasingly recognized as a potential mechanism in SUDEP.
  • While cardiac changes occur during seizures, well-documented instances of life-threatening arrhythmias are infrequently reported.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of arrhythmogenic seizures as a mechanism in SUDEP.
  • To explore the various cardiac changes observed during epileptic seizures.
  • To discuss the pathogenesis and potential cortical localization of triggers for cardioarrhythmogenic events.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on epilepsy, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, and cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Analysis of reported cases of cardiac events during epileptic seizures.
  • Synthesis of current hypotheses regarding the neuro-cardiac axis in epilepsy.

Main Results:

  • Arrhythmogenic seizures are a plausible, though not fully elucidated, mechanism contributing to SUDEP.
  • Diverse cardiac alterations, ranging from minor changes to severe arrhythmias, can manifest during seizures.
  • There is a scarcity of detailed, well-documented cases of fatal cardiac arrhythmias linked to epilepsy.

Conclusions:

  • Arrhythmogenic seizures represent a critical area of investigation for understanding SUDEP.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and neurobiological underpinnings of these cardiac events.
  • Identifying cardioarrhythmogenic triggers in the cortex may offer future therapeutic targets.