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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...

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Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
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How do bone cells secrete proteins?

Haibo Zhao1, Yuji Ito, Jean Chappel

  • 1Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synaptotagmin VII (SytVII) facilitates osteoclast bone resorption and osteoblast bone formation. SytVII deficiency in mice leads to osteoporosis with impaired bone remodeling.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Bone Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The osteoclast ruffled border is a key indicator of active bone resorption.
  • Lysosomal vesicle insertion into the plasma membrane is crucial for osteoclast function.
  • Synaptotagmin VII (SytVII) is a calcium-sensing protein involved in exocytosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of synaptotagmin VII (SytVII) in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.
  • To determine SytVII's function in the formation of the osteoclast ruffled border.
  • To examine the impact of SytVII deficiency on bone formation and remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized SytVII-deficient mice models.
  • Observed the formation of the osteoclast ruffled border.
  • Assessed bone resorption and formation markers.
  • Analyzed bone remodeling dynamics.

Main Results:

  • SytVII is essential for the insertion of lysosomal vesicles into the bone-apposing plasma membrane, forming the ruffled border.
  • SytVII facilitates the transport of matrix-degrading enzymes into the resorption microenvironment.
  • SytVII also plays a role in the secretion of bone matrix molecules by osteoblasts.
  • SytVII-deficient mice exhibited significantly reduced bone resorption and formation, with a predominant defect in formation, leading to osteoporosis.

Conclusions:

  • Synaptotagmin VII is a critical regulator of both osteoclast and osteoblast function.
  • SytVII's role in exocytosis is vital for bone remodeling and maintaining bone mass.
  • Targeting SytVII may offer therapeutic potential for osteoporosis treatment.