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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens
06:03

Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens

Published on: September 20, 2024

Fungal-derived immune modulating molecules.

Tania C Sorrell1, Sharon C A Chen

  • 1Westmead Hospital, Westmead NSW, Australia. t.sorrell@usyd.edu.au

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|January 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New antifungal drugs and vaccines may arise from understanding how fungal patterns (PAMPs) interact with host receptors (PRRs) on immune cells. This interaction triggers immune responses crucial for fighting invasive fungal infections.

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Isolation and Purification of Fungal &#946;-Glucan as an Immunotherapy Strategy for Glioblastoma
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Isolation and Purification of Fungal β-Glucan as an Immunotherapy Strategy for Glioblastoma

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens
06:03

Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens

Published on: September 20, 2024

Isolation and Purification of Fungal &#946;-Glucan as an Immunotherapy Strategy for Glioblastoma
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Isolation and Purification of Fungal β-Glucan as an Immunotherapy Strategy for Glioblastoma

Published on: June 2, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Mycology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Invasive fungal infections pose a growing clinical challenge, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Early host-pathogen interactions are key to developing new antifungal drugs and vaccines.
  • Fungi engage the innate immune system through specific molecular signatures (PAMPs) binding to host receptors (PRRs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advances in understanding fungal PAMP-PRR interactions in the context of fungal infection pathogenesis.
  • To explore the potential of targeting these interactions for therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on fungal PAMPs (mannoproteins, beta-glucans, etc.) and their cognate PRRs (Toll-like receptors, C-lectin-like receptors).
  • Analysis of in vitro studies dissecting phagocyte responses to isolated fungal PAMPs.
  • Discussion of the implications of these interactions for host immune responses and pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Fungal PAMPs, primarily cell wall carbohydrates, bind to specific PRRs on mononuclear phagocytes.
  • This binding initiates signaling cascades, leading to cytokine release and linking innate and adaptive immunity.
  • In vitro studies reveal mechanisms for tailoring immune responses but in vivo roles remain complex.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding fungal PAMP-PRR interactions is crucial for developing new therapies against invasive fungal infections.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the in vivo significance of these complex molecular interactions.
  • Targeting PAMP-PRR pathways offers a promising avenue for novel antifungal drug and vaccine development.