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Detection of Protein Ubiquitination
Published on: August 18, 2009
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The enzymes in ubiquitin-like post-translational modifications
1Division of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA. ychen@coh.org
Bioscience Trends
|January 28, 2010
Summary
Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins are key cellular regulators. This review details advancements in understanding the enzymes that modify these proteins and identifies remaining research challenges.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Cellular Biology
Background:
- Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins are crucial post-translational modifiers.
- These modifications impact nearly all cellular functions.
- Enzymes catalyze the chemical reactions for these modifications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advancements in understanding the mechanisms of enzymes involved in ubiquitin-like modifications.
- To highlight key unresolved problems in the field.
Main Methods:
- Structure-function analysis of modifying enzymes.
- Review of recent literature on enzyme mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Significant progress in structure-function analysis of these enzymes.
- New insights into the mechanisms of enzymes catalyzing ubiquitin-like modifications.
Conclusions:
- Understanding of enzyme mechanisms has advanced.
- Further research is needed to address remaining challenges in ubiquitin-like protein modification.
Related Concept Videos
02:04Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
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In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
02:58Regulated Protein Degradation
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02:18The Proteasome
Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
02:58Regulated Protein Degradation
It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
01:13The Proteasome
Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin...
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin...