Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation

Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation

Pulmonary ventilation is a vital process that ensures the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. It refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs, enabling the body to obtain oxygen and remove waste carbon dioxide. In this article, we will explore the intricacies of pulmonary ventilation, including its underlying principles, mechanisms, and the interplay of pressures within the respiratory system.
Boyle's law becomes particularly pertinent when examining respiratory...

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs during...

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...

Respiratory Capacities

Respiratory Capacities

Respiratory capacities are crucial indicators of lung function, representing the maximum amount of air an individual's respiratory system can handle during various breathing phases.
One key metric is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC), which represents the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled with full effort. IC is calculated by summing the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume, typically ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 liters.
The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air in the...

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
Negative-Pressure Ventilators
Negative-pressure ventilators create a vacuum around the chest or body to draw air into the lungs, simulating breathing. This method does not require an...

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The misuse of respiratory resistive loading during aerobic exercises: revisiting mechanisms of "standalone" inspiratory muscle training.

American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology·2024

Same author

Training the equine respiratory muscles: Inspiratory muscle strength.

Equine veterinary journal·2022

Same author

Training the equine respiratory muscles: Ultrasonographic measurement of muscle size.

Equine veterinary journal·2022

Same author

Association Between Inspiratory Muscle Function and Balance Ability in Older People: A Pooled Data Analysis Before and After Inspiratory Muscle Training.

Journal of aging and physical activity·2021

Same author

Cardiometabolic Risk in First Episode Psychosis Patients.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2020

Same author

Early Intervention in Psychosis: Effectiveness and Implementation of a Combined Exercise and Health Behavior Intervention Within Routine Care.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Acquisition and Semi-Automated Analysis of Respiratory Muscle Surface Electromyography

Acquisition and Semi-Automated Analysis of Respiratory Muscle Surface Electromyography

Published on: January 24, 2025

Acute cardiorespiratory responses to inspiratory pressure threshold loading.

Alison K McConnell¹, Lisa A Griffiths

¹Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University, Uxbridge, England, UK. Alison.mcconnell@brunel.ac.uk

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

|February 10, 2010

Summary

Inspiratory muscle training at 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) effectively engaged the metaboreflex in rowers. Higher intensities significantly reduced repetitions and tidal volume, indicating a critical threshold for training effectiveness.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise

Published on: February 20, 2017

Inspiratory Muscle Training as an Adjunct to the Treatment of Weaning Failure in Critically Ill Patients: A Practical Guide

Inspiratory Muscle Training as an Adjunct to the Treatment of Weaning Failure in Critically Ill Patients: A Practical Guide

Published on: January 30, 2026

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Acquisition and Semi-Automated Analysis of Respiratory Muscle Surface Electromyography

Acquisition and Semi-Automated Analysis of Respiratory Muscle Surface Electromyography

Published on: January 24, 2025

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise

Published on: February 20, 2017

Inspiratory Muscle Training as an Adjunct to the Treatment of Weaning Failure in Critically Ill Patients: A Practical Guide

Inspiratory Muscle Training as an Adjunct to the Treatment of Weaning Failure in Critically Ill Patients: A Practical Guide

Published on: January 30, 2026

Area of Science:

Exercise Physiology
Respiratory Muscle Training
Sports Science

Background:

Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is used to enhance respiratory muscle function.
Understanding the acute responses to varying IMT intensities is crucial for optimizing training protocols in athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of different pressure threshold inspiratory loading intensities on repetition maximum (RM), tidal volume (VT), and inspiratory muscle work.
To determine if the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex is activated during acute inspiratory pressure threshold loading in well-trained rowers.

Main Methods:

Eight male rowers completed seven trials involving incremental inspiratory pressure threshold loading (50-90% of PImax).
Measurements included maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), resting tidal volume (VT), forced vital capacity (FVC), repetitions completed, heart rate, and arterial blood pressure.

Main Results:

Repetition maximum (RM) decreased non-linearly with increasing load, with an abrupt drop at loads >= 70% of PImax.
Tidal volume (VT) and external work output significantly decreased over time at loads of 60%, 70%, and 80% of PImax.
The 60% PImax load resulted in the highest external work output and corresponded to a common IMT regimen (30RM).

Conclusions:

A sustained increase in heart rate was observed across all tested loads.
Only the 60% PImax load demonstrated a sustained rise in mean, diastolic, and systolic arterial blood pressure, indicating metaboreflex activation.
These findings suggest that IMT at approximately 60% PImax may be optimal for engaging the metaboreflex without excessively compromising performance parameters like RM and VT.