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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Th1 and Th17 cells: adversaries and collaborators.

Jesse M Damsker1, Anna M Hansen, Rachel R Caspi

  • 1Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1857, USA.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|February 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells both contribute to autoimmune disease pathogenesis. Their complex interactions and balance are crucial in regulating inflammation and disease susceptibility.

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Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity
  • T cell differentiation

Background:

  • Autoreactive CD4+ T cells are implicated in autoimmune disorders.
  • Initially, T helper 1 (Th1) cells producing interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were considered primary drivers.
  • Recent findings reveal a more intricate role for T helper 17 (Th17) cells and their cytokines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the interplay between Th1 and Th17 effector cells.
  • To explore the balance, interaction, and collaborative potential of these T cell subsets in autoimmune tissue inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Th1 and Th17 cell function in autoimmunity.
  • Analysis of studies involving cytokine deficiencies (IFN-gamma, IL-17, IL-23, IL-12) in disease models.

Main Results:

  • Mice lacking IFN-gamma show enhanced susceptibility, not protection, in some Th1-driven models.
  • Deficiency in IL-23, but not IL-12, confers resistance, implicating Th17 cells.
  • Mice lacking IL-17 are not protected and exhibit increased Th1 cells; lack of IFN-gamma can confer resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Both Th1 and Th17 cells contribute to autoimmune pathogenesis.
  • The relationship between Th1 and Th17 cells is complex, involving overlapping and differential roles.
  • Understanding the balance and interaction between Th1 and Th17 cells is critical for autoimmune disease research.