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Optical modal evolution 3-dB coupler.

W K Burns, A F Milton, A B Lee

    Applied Optics
    |February 19, 2010
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A novel planar optical 3-dB coupler design utilizes mode conversion and adiabatic evolution for efficient power splitting. Fabrication challenges limited power transfer, but experimental results align with theoretical predictions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Waveguide Optics
    • Integrated Photonics

    Background:

    • Traditional directional couplers often require precise fabrication and are sensitive to length variations.
    • Existing modal evolution couplers can be complex in design and fabrication.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and experimentally validate a new planar optical 3-dB coupler design.
    • To investigate a device utilizing a single mode conversion region followed by adiabatic evolution.
    • To establish design requirements for tapers in such couplers.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical modeling using coupled mode representation for local normal modes.
    • Fabrication of the coupler using sputtered barium silicate and fused silica films.
    • Experimental testing to measure power transfer and compare with theoretical predictions.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a maximum power transfer of 40%, limited by a fabrication issue with the fast taper.
    • Demonstrated agreement between experimental results and theoretical calculations.
    • Device length was found to be noncritical.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed planar optical 3-dB coupler design is feasible and theoretically sound.
    • Fabrication precision, particularly for the fast taper, is crucial for optimal performance.
    • The developed theoretical framework can inform the design of various 3-dB coupler types.