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Published on: March 27, 2026
Human pulp responses to in-office tooth bleaching
Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa1, Heraldo Riehl, João Fernando Kina
1Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil. casouzac@foar.unesp.br
Summary
Tooth bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 45 minutes caused irreversible pulp damage in lower incisors. However, premolars showed no significant pulpal changes after the same bleaching treatment.
Area of Science:
- Dental Pulp Biology
- Dental Materials Science
- Endodontics
Background:
- Dental bleaching is a common cosmetic procedure.
- The potential effects of bleaching agents on dental pulp require thorough investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the pulpal response of human incisors and premolars to a 38% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent.
Main Methods:
- Ten sound human lower teeth (6 premolars, 4 incisors) were treated with 38% hydrogen peroxide for 45 minutes.
- Control groups received prophylaxis only.
- Teeth were extracted and histologically evaluated after two days.
Main Results:
- Incisors (G2) exhibited significant pulpal damage, including coagulation necrosis in the coronal pulp and inflammation in the radicular pulp.
- Premolars (G1) and control groups (G3, G4) showed no pulpal damage.
Conclusions:
- Bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide for 45 minutes induces irreversible pulp damage in human incisors.
- Premolars appear to be more resistant to pulpal damage from this bleaching agent.
