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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:57

Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: May 12, 2023

Autoimmunity, infection and adjuvants.

N R Rose1

  • 1Departments of Pathology and of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Center for Autoimmune Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. nrrose@jhmi.edu

Lupus
|April 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infection can trigger autoimmune diseases, but the link is often unclear. This study identifies key immune steps in a myocarditis model, showing how infections progress to autoimmunity.

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A Rapid, Simple, and Standardized Homogenization Method to Prepare Antigen/Adjuvant Emulsions for Inducing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:57

Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: May 12, 2023

A Rapid, Simple, and Standardized Homogenization Method to Prepare Antigen/Adjuvant Emulsions for Inducing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:44

A Rapid, Simple, and Standardized Homogenization Method to Prepare Antigen/Adjuvant Emulsions for Inducing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: December 9, 2022

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Disease
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • The link between infection and autoimmune disease initiation is long-standing but poorly understood.
  • Few human autoimmune diseases are definitively linked to prior infections due to temporal and spatial separation of cause and effect.
  • Advances in understanding immunologic consequences of infection allow re-evaluation of microbial adjuvant effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the critical steps in the progression from viral infection to autoimmune disease.
  • To utilize an experimental model of myocarditis to distinguish between benign autoimmunity and overt autoimmune disease.
  • To identify immune regulators that act as critical signposts in this progression.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an experimental model of viral myocarditis.
  • Analysis of immune responses, including cytokine and costimulatory molecule expression, during disease progression.
  • Distinguishing between stages of autoimmunity in the model.

Main Results:

  • Identified critical steps in the progression from viral infection to autoimmune disease in a myocarditis model.
  • Demonstrated the role of immune regulators, such as cytokines and costimulatory molecules, as signposts in autoimmune disease development.
  • Provided a framework for understanding the transition from infection to autoimmunity.

Conclusions:

  • Viral infections can initiate autoimmune processes through specific immunologic mechanisms.
  • Immune regulators play a crucial role in mediating the progression from infection to autoimmune disease.
  • Findings from this model may offer broad applicability to understanding other autoimmune disorders.