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Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated nephropathy.

¹Department of Medicine, SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn 11203-2098.

Annual Review of Medicine

|January 1, 1991

Summary

HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) causes acute kidney injury and nephrotic syndrome, often progressing rapidly to irreversible kidney failure. Current therapies are ineffective, but early antiviral treatment may alter its course.

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Infectious Diseases
Virology

Background:

HIV infection can lead to acute renal failure and a distinct nephropathy.
HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) presents with nephrotic syndrome, rapid uremia, and poor prognosis.
Histologically, HIVAN shows focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis with unique electron microscopic findings.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the clinical, histological, and etiological characteristics of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN).
To highlight the rapid progression and poor prognosis of HIVAN.
To discuss potential therapeutic avenues for HIVAN.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical presentations of patients with HIV infection and renal failure.
Histopathological examination of kidney biopsies.

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Analysis of epidemiological data and etiological factors.

Main Results:

HIVAN is characterized by nephrotic syndrome, rapid progression to end-stage renal disease, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
The disease predominantly affects young black men, with a significant proportion being intravenous drug users.
Evidence suggests a viral etiology for HIVAN.

Conclusions:

HIVAN is a severe renal complication of HIV infection with a fulminant course.
No effective therapies are currently available for HIVAN.
Early and prolonged antiviral therapy may offer hope for altering the natural history of HIVAN.