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Related Concept Videos

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
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Toroids01:27

Toroids

A toroid is a closely wound donut-shaped coil constructed using a single conducting wire. In general, it is assumed that a toriod consists of multiple circular loops perpendicular to its axis.
When connected to a supply, the magnetic field generated in the toroid has field lines circular and concentric to its axis. Conventionally, the direction of this magnetic field is expressed using the right-hand rule. If the fingers of the right hand curl in the current direction, the thumb points in the...
Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.

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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
06:42

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Published on: March 3, 2017

Toroidal rotation driven by the polarization drift.

C J McDevitt1, P H Diamond, O D Gürcan

  • 1Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences and Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA. cmcdevitt@ucsd.edu

Physical Review Letters
|April 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new mechanism for microturbulence driving intrinsic rotation in plasma physics has been discovered. This process, originating from charge separation via polarization drift, is detailed in a gyrokinetic formulation.

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Published on: May 19, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Kinetic Theory

Background:

  • Understanding plasma rotation is crucial for fusion energy.
  • Microturbulence is a key factor influencing plasma confinement.
  • Existing theories do not fully explain intrinsic rotation generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive a novel mechanism for microturbulence-driven intrinsic rotation.
  • To investigate the role of parallel momentum conservation in plasma rotation.
  • To elucidate the physical origins of intrinsic rotation in turbulent plasmas.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic derivation from a phase space conserving gyrokinetic formulation.
  • Analysis of parallel nonlinearity within the gyrokinetic equation.
  • Investigation of charge separation effects due to polarization drift.

Main Results:

  • Uncovered a novel mechanism linking microturbulence to intrinsic rotation.
  • Identified parallel nonlinearity as the key element in the gyrokinetic formulation.
  • Established charge separation from polarization drift as the source of the mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Microturbulence can drive intrinsic plasma rotation through a newly identified mechanism.
  • The polarization drift-induced charge separation is fundamental to this process.
  • This finding advances the understanding of momentum transport in turbulent plasmas.