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Related Concept Videos

Exocytosis00:50

Exocytosis

Exocytosis is a process that releases molecules outside the cell. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
Exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis, which brings molecules inside the cell. Sometimes, the released materials are signaling molecules. For example, neurons typically use exocytosis to release neurotransmitters. Cells also use exocytosis to insert proteins such as ion channels into their cell membranes, secrete proteins for use in the extracellular matrix, or...
Exocytosis00:51

Exocytosis

Exocytosis is used to release material from cells. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
The Phragmoplast01:59

The Phragmoplast

Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...
The Phragmoplast01:59

The Phragmoplast

Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...
Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis01:18

Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis

Vesicular transport is a cellular process that encompasses the engulfment of particles or dissolved substances by cells. It involves endocytosis, transcytosis, and exocytosis.
Endocytosis is a cellular mechanism that involves the inward folding of the cell membrane to create vesicles that capture and transport large drug molecules. This process comprises two distinct methods: pinocytosis (often referred to as "cell drinking") and phagocytosis (often referred to as "cell eating"). Pinocytosis is...
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Isolation and Purification of Plant Extracellular Vesicles from Arabidopsis Leaves Using an Optimized Apoplastic Wash Collection Method
09:38

Isolation and Purification of Plant Extracellular Vesicles from Arabidopsis Leaves Using an Optimized Apoplastic Wash Collection Method

Published on: March 24, 2026

The plant exocyst.

Ying Zhang1, Chun-Ming Liu, Anne-Mie C Emons

  • 1Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology
|April 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The exocyst complex, crucial for vesicle fusion, is conserved in plants and yeast. Plant exocyst proteins may have evolved diverse roles beyond basic vesicle tethering.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Isolation and Purification of Plant Extracellular Vesicles from Arabidopsis Leaves Using an Optimized Apoplastic Wash Collection Method
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Published on: March 24, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • The exocyst is an evolutionarily conserved octameric protein complex essential for tethering vesicles to the plasma membrane before SNARE-mediated fusion.
  • Exocyst subunit genes are found in all investigated plant genomes, suggesting a fundamental role in plant cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the known functions and expression patterns of the exocyst complex in plant cells with those in the well-characterized budding yeast exocyst.
  • To explore potential conserved and divergent roles of the exocyst in walled cells, specifically plants and yeast.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing genomic and genetic studies on exocyst complexes in plants and budding yeast.
  • Comparative analysis of exocyst subunit conservation, expression, and functional data.

Main Results:

  • The fundamental role of the exocyst in vesicle tethering appears conserved between plants and yeast.
  • Genomic and genetic evidence suggests that the plant exocyst complex may possess more diversified functions compared to its yeast counterpart.

Conclusions:

  • While the core function of vesicle tethering is conserved, the exocyst complex has likely undergone functional diversification in plant evolution.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the specific and varied roles of the plant exocyst in cellular processes.