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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome
05:18

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome

Published on: May 26, 2023

Epidural steroid injections.

John M Mathis1

  • 1Centers for Advanced Imaging, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA. jmathis@rev.net

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
|May 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epidural steroid injections offer minimally invasive relief for back and neck pain. Proper technique is crucial for maximizing benefits and avoiding complications in this common rehabilitation procedure.

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Area of Science:

  • Pain Management
  • Neurosurgery
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Epidural steroid injections are a long-standing treatment for back and neck pain.
  • These injections target radicular nerve pain associated with spinal conditions.
  • Minimally invasive nature offers an alternative to more aggressive treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the critical technical aspects of performing epidural steroid injections.
  • To emphasize proper procedural execution for optimal patient outcomes.
  • To guide practitioners in complication avoidance and benefit maximization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established techniques for epidural steroid injections.
  • Discussion of anatomical considerations for accurate needle placement.
  • Emphasis on sterile techniques and appropriate medication delivery.

Main Results:

  • Accurate needle placement is paramount for effective pain relief.
  • Proper technique minimizes risks such as infection or nerve damage.
  • Adherence to procedural guidelines enhances treatment efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Epidural steroid injections are effective for managing back and neck pain.
  • Technical precision is essential for successful outcomes and patient safety.
  • This article provides a technical guide for practitioners performing these injections.