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Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

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Introductory Analysis and Validation of CUT&RUN Sequencing Data
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Touring Ensembl: a practical guide to genome browsing.

Giulietta M Spudich1, Xosé M Fernández-Suárez

  • 1European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambs CB10 1SD, UK.

BMC Genomics
|May 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This guide demonstrates integrating gene, comparative genomic, and functional genomics data using the Ensembl genome browser. It highlights how Ensembl facilitates comprehensive biological data exploration across diverse species and external databases.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The proliferation of molecular biology databases presents challenges in data access, comparison, and integration due to varied formats and interfaces.
  • A unified approach is needed to effectively utilize these large-scale biological resources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a practical guide for integrating gene, comparative genomic, and functional genomics data using the Ensembl genome browser.
  • To illustrate how Ensembl can be used to access and integrate information from diverse biological databases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the Ensembl genome browser (http://www.ensembl.org) and its sister site Ensembl Plants/Protists (http://www.ensemblgenomes.org).
  • Demonstrating data integration through four case studies focusing on comparative genomics, disease-linked variations, and functional genomics.
  • Exploring access to external data sources beyond the Ensembl project.

Main Results:

  • Ensembl enables comparative genomic studies across over 50 chordate species and other organisms.
  • The browser facilitates the investigation of variations associated with diseases.
  • Researchers can integrate functional genomics data and external database information for a holistic biological view.

Conclusions:

  • The Ensembl genome browser is a powerful tool for integrating diverse biological data, moving beyond single gene analysis.
  • It empowers researchers to build comprehensive biological pictures by connecting information from multiple sources.
  • Effective use of Ensembl enhances biological discovery and data interpretation.