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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Determination of Tolerable Fatty Acids and Cholera Toxin Concentrations Using Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells and BALB/c Mouse Macrophages
Published on: May 30, 2013
Mucosal adjuvant activity of cholera toxin requires Th17 cells and protects against inhalation anthrax
Sandip K Datta1, Mojgan Sabet, Kim Phung L Nguyen
1Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. dattas@niaid.nih.gov
Abstract:
Cholera toxin (CT) elicits a mucosal immune response in mice when used as a vaccine adjuvant. The mechanisms by which CT exerts its adjuvant effects are incompletely understood. We show that protection against inhalation anthrax by an irradiated spore vaccine depends on CT-mediated induction of IL-17-producing CD4 Th17 cells. Furthermore, IL-17 is involved in the induction of serum and mucosal antibody responses by CT. Th17 cells induced by CT have a unique cytokine profile compared with those induced by IL-6 and TGF-beta, and their induction by CT requires cAMP-dependent secretion of IL-1beta and beta-calcitonin gene-related peptide by dendritic cells. These findings demonstrate that Th17 cells mediate mucosal adjuvant effects of CT and identify previously unexplored pathways involved in Th17 induction that could be targeted for development of unique mucosal adjuvants.
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