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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Multiscale Structures Aggregated by Imprinted Nanofibers for Functional Surfaces
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Published on: September 11, 2018

Three dimensional nanofabrication using surface forces.

Jeong-Hyun Cho1, Anum Azam, David H Gracias

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|May 29, 2010
PubMed
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Researchers developed a novel method to shape 2D nanoscale panels into 3D structures using metallic grain forces. This technique overcomes limitations of traditional 2D lithography for advanced materials.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional lithographic processes are limited to creating inherently two-dimensional (2D) nanoscale patterns.
  • Fabricating complex three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures from 2D templates presents significant challenges.
  • Achieving precise control over nanoscale object manipulation and assembly is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel strategy for transforming 2D nanoscale panels into 3D curved structures and polyhedra.
  • To demonstrate the use of surface area minimization forces from liquefying metallic grains for nanoscale manipulation.
  • To explore the versatility of this method across different template sizes, patterns, and material compositions.

Main Methods:

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Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
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Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

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  • Utilizing forces generated by the minimization of surface area during the liquefaction or coalescence of metallic grains.
  • Applying these forces to precisely curve, rotate, align, and bond patterned two-dimensional (2D) nanoscale panels.
  • Investigating the effects of varying template dimensions, patterns, and constituent materials on the outcome.
  • Main Results:

    • Successful transformation of 2D nanoscale templates into complex 3D curved structures and polyhedra.
    • Demonstration of precise control over the curvature, rotation, alignment, and bonding of nanoscale panels.
    • Validation of the method's utility across diverse material compositions and template designs.

    Conclusions:

    • The described strategy offers a viable pathway to overcome the limitations of 2D lithography for nanoscale fabrication.
    • This approach enables the creation of mechanically robust and precisely patterned 3D nanostructures with high material versatility.
    • The technique holds potential for fabricating complex nanoscale architectures for various scientific and technological applications.