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Published on: January 6, 2022
Genetically engineered pigs as a source for clinical red blood cell transfusion
David K C Cooper1, Hidetaka Hara, Mark Yazer
1Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. cooperdk@upmc.edu
Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
|June 2, 2010
Summary
Genetically engineered pig red blood cells (RBCs) show promise for human transfusion due to reduced immune rejection. However, rapid clearance by macrophages requires further research for clinical viability.
Area of Science:
- Transfusion Medicine
- Xenotransplantation
- Genetically Modified Organisms
Background:
- Historical use of animal blood transfusion dates back to 1667.
- Global human blood shortages drive renewed interest in alternative sources.
- Genetically engineered pigs offer potential for xenotransfusion due to immune system modifications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the potential of genetically engineered pig red blood cells (RBCs) for human clinical transfusion.
- To assess the survival and clearance mechanisms of pig RBCs in a primate model.
Main Methods:
- Utilized genetically modified pigs with enhanced immune protection for RBC production.
- Conducted transfusion studies of pig RBCs into nonhuman primates.
- Monitored RBC circulation time and identified clearance pathways.
Main Results:
- Pig RBCs demonstrated protection from antibody-mediated complement lysis in primates.
- Rapid clearance of transfused pig RBCs was observed, primarily via macrophage phagocytosis.
- Genetic engineering strategies are being developed to address rapid RBC loss.
Conclusions:
- Genetically modified pig RBCs offer potential advantages, including lack of infectious microorganisms.
- Overcoming rapid clearance by macrophages is crucial for the clinical feasibility of pig RBC transfusion.
- Continued genetic advancements may establish pig RBCs as a viable blood source.
