Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 12, 2026
Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface
Published on: July 10, 2014
The role of functional monomers in bonding to enamel: acid-base resistant zone and bonding performance
Na Li1, Toru Nikaido, Tomohiro Takagaki
1Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145, Changlexi Road, 710032 Xi'an, China.
Objectives:
To investigate the effects of two functional monomers on caries-inhibition potential and bond strength of two-step self-etching adhesive systems to enamel.
Methods:
Clearfil SE Bond and similar experimental formulations different in the functional monomer were used. Four combinations of primer and bonding agents were evaluated: (1) Clearfil SE Bond which contains MDP in both primer and bonding (M-M); (2) Clearfil SE Bond primer and Phenyl-P in bonding (M-P); (3) Phenyl-P in primer and Clearfil SE Bond bonding (P-M); (4) Phenyl-P in primer and bonding (P-P). Ground buccal enamel surfaces of human sound premolars were treated with one of the systems and the bonded interface was exposed to an artificial demineralising solution (pH 4.5) for 4.5 h, and then 5% NaOCl with ultrasonication for 30 min. After argon-ion etching, the interfacial ultrastructure was observed using SEM. Micro-shear bond strength to enamel was measured for all groups and results were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Turkey's HSD, while failure modes were analysed by chi-square test.
Results:
An acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ) was found with all adhesive systems containing MDP either in primer or bond; however, ultramorphology and crystallite arrangement in the ABRZ were different among groups. P-P was the only group devoid of this protective zone. Micro-shear bond strength in M-M was significantly higher than those in M-P, P-M and P-P, while the latter three were not different from each other. Failure modes were significantly different (p<0.05).
Conclusions:
Functional monomers in two-step self-etching systems influence both the bonding performance and the formation of ABRZ on enamel.
Related Concept Videos
01:12Bonding and Strength of Aggregate
01:22EDTA: Chemistry and Properties
03:05Acid Strength and Molecular Structure
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing...
01:31Essential Minerals for Bone Health
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
01:17Mortar Properties
02:51Metal-Ligand Bonds
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...