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Related Concept Videos

Golgi Apparatus01:49

Golgi Apparatus

As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are transported by microtubule-based motor proteins and fuse together to form vesicular tubular clusters, subsequently arriving at the Golgi apparatus, a eukaryotic endomembrane organelle that often has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance.The Golgi apparatus is a major sorting and dispatch station for the products of the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter...
Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
Transport Across the Golgi01:26

Transport Across the Golgi

While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
Golgi Matrix Proteins01:12

Golgi Matrix Proteins

Golgi matrix proteins are a group of highly dynamic proteins that maintain the stacked structure of Golgi. These proteins adapt to rapid morphological changes of the Golgi during the cell cycle. During cell division, mild proteolysis removes these connections resulting in Golgi unstacking. In The daughter cells, these proteins help reassemble the unstacked Golgi.
One of the first identified Golgi matrix proteins was GM130, a rod-like protein located in the cis-Golgi. Subsequently, many Golgi...
Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...

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Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass
13:08

Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass

Published on: August 10, 2017

Passage through the Golgi.

Akihiko Nakano1, Alberto Luini

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. nakano@riken.jp

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|July 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein transport through the Golgi apparatus is debated. This review explores cisternal progression-maturation, focusing on how resident proteins are sorted and retrograde transport occurs in various organisms.

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Imaging the Intracellular Trafficking of APP with Photoactivatable GFP
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass
13:08

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Published on: August 10, 2017

Analysis of Endocytic Uptake and Retrograde Transport to the Trans-Golgi Network Using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells
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Analysis of Endocytic Uptake and Retrograde Transport to the Trans-Golgi Network Using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The Golgi apparatus is a key organelle for protein modification and transport.
  • The cisternal progression-maturation model is the leading theory for intra-Golgi transport.
  • Mechanisms for resident protein sorting and retrograde movement remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current questions regarding protein organization and trafficking within the Golgi apparatus.
  • To discuss approaches for investigating Golgi organization and protein sorting.
  • To highlight research in model organisms like yeast, mammals, and plants.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on Golgi apparatus function.
  • Discussion of theoretical models for protein transport.
  • Examination of experimental approaches used in model organisms.

Main Results:

  • The cisternal progression-maturation model is widely accepted but requires further mechanistic explanation.
  • Sorting of resident proteins from cargo and their retrograde movement are critical, unresolved aspects.
  • Diverse model organisms offer distinct advantages for studying Golgi dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of protein sorting and retrograde transport in the Golgi.
  • Investigating these processes in yeast, mammals, and plants will provide comprehensive insights.
  • Understanding Golgi organization is crucial for comprehending cellular function and disease.