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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

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Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization
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miRNAs in normal and malignant B cells.

Ai Kotani1, Ratanakanit Harnprasopwat, Takae Toyoshima

  • 1Division of Molecular Therapy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. aikotani@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp

International Journal of Hematology
|July 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are key regulators in animal development. This review highlights their crucial role in B cell development and malignancy, suggesting miRNAs as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression posttranscriptionally.
  • miRNAs are vital for numerous developmental and physiological processes in animals.
  • Emerging evidence implicates miRNAs in B cell development and B cell malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical roles of miRNAs in B cell biology.
  • To discuss the correlation between miRNA expression profiles and B cell malignancy prognosis/phenotype.
  • To explore the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools for B cell cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on microRNAs in B cell development and malignancy.
  • Analysis of findings linking miRNA expression to disease characteristics.
  • Synthesis of current research to identify therapeutic and diagnostic potential.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs play essential roles in normal B cell development.
  • Altered miRNA expression is associated with various B cell malignancies.
  • miRNA expression profiles correlate with prognosis and phenotype in B cell cancers.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are significantly involved in B cell development and malignancy.
  • miRNA expression patterns offer valuable prognostic and phenotypic information.
  • miRNAs represent a promising avenue for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in B cell malignancies.