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Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.

Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

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Obtaining High-Quality Transcriptome Data from Cereal Seeds by a Modified Method for Gene Expression Profiling

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More genomic resources for less-studied crops.

Rajeev K Varshney¹, Jean-Christophe Glaszmann, Hei Leung

¹International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502324, A.P., India. r.k.varshney@cgiar.org

Trends in Biotechnology

|August 10, 2010

Summary

Genomic resources are now available for understudied, locally important crops. These tools can accelerate gene discovery and molecular breeding, improving food security in developing nations.

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Genomics
Plant Breeding

Background:

Minor crop species are globally understudied but locally vital for food security.
These crops often lack extensive genomic and genetic resources.
Recent advancements have begun to address this gap.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the development of genomic and genetic resources for minor crops.
To emphasize the potential of these resources for crop improvement.
To underscore the role in enhancing food security in developing countries.

Main Methods:

Development of various molecular markers (e.g., SSR, SNP, DArT).
Creation of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and transcript reads.
Establishment of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries, genetic/physical maps, and diverse genetic stocks (core sets, introgression lines).

Main Results:

A suite of genomic and genetic resources is now available for previously less-studied crops.
These resources include diverse genetic markers, sequencing data, and advanced genetic stocks.
Significant genetic diversity has been captured in reference sets and introgression lines.

Conclusions:

The newly developed resources offer powerful tools for gene discovery in minor crops.
Molecular breeding initiatives can now be effectively initiated in these important species.
Enhanced crop productivity through these advancements can significantly contribute to food security.