Xanthogranulomatous cystitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease

Area of Science:

• Uropathology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a benign condition involving giant cells, inflammatory cells, and lipid-laden macrophages (xanthoma cells).
• Xanthogranulomatous cystitis (XGC) is exceptionally rare, with only 22 prior reported cases in global literature.
• Association between XGC and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is exceedingly uncommon.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report the 23rd case of xanthogranulomatous cystitis (XGC).
• To document the third case of XGC associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
• To describe the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of a patient with XGC and Crohn's disease.

Main Methods:

• Case presentation of a 50-year-old woman with quiescent Crohn's disease.
• Incidental detection of a bladder mass via ultrasound.
• Surgical resection of the lesion using a transurethral approach.
• Histopathological examination of the resected tissue to confirm XGC.

Main Results:

• Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous cystitis (XGC).
• The patient had a history of quiescent Crohn's disease, making this a rare association.
• No recurrence of the bladder mass was observed at 3 months post-transurethral resection.

Conclusions:

• Xanthogranulomatous cystitis (XGC) is a rare differential diagnosis for bladder masses, even in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
• Transurethral resection is an effective treatment modality for XGC.
• Continued surveillance is important, although this case showed no early recurrence.