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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...

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Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line
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[Human herpesvirus 6 encephalitis].

Tetsushi Yoshikawa1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Kutsukaka-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|August 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) can cause encephalitis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Early diagnosis and treatment with antiviral drugs like ganciclovir or foscarnet are crucial for managing HHV-6 encephalitis.

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Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line
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A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
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A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurovirology
  • Infectious Diseases

Context:

  • Primary human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection commonly causes exanthem subitum in infants.
  • HHV-6 encephalitis, though rare during primary infection, can also occur due to viral reactivation in immunocompromised patients.
  • Clinical features and management strategies for HHV-6 encephalitis require further elucidation.

Purpose:

  • To review the clinical features of HHV-6 encephalitis.
  • To discuss the diagnostic findings, including viral DNA detection in cerebrospinal fluid and MRI abnormalities.
  • To recommend management strategies, including antiviral treatment.

Summary:

  • HHV-6 encephalitis presents with diverse clinical manifestations, including amnesia and limbic encephalitis, particularly in post-transplant patients.
  • Detection of numerous viral DNA copies in cerebrospinal fluid suggests active replication in brain tissue.
  • In vitro studies indicate antiviral activity of ganciclovir and foscarnet against HHV-6, supporting their use in treatment.

Impact:

  • Establishes HHV-6 as a significant cause of limbic encephalitis in immunocompromised patients.
  • Highlights the importance of cerebrospinal fluid viral load and MRI findings in diagnosis.
  • Provides a basis for establishing appropriate management protocols, including antiviral therapy.