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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
Published on: November 10, 2014
[ENT-recommendations for tracheobronchoscopy]
Horst Schmidt1, K Hörmann, N Stasche
1Westpfalz-Klinikum, HNO, Kaiserslautern. hjschmidt@westpfalz-klinikum.de
Introduction:
Tracheobronchoscopy allows endoscopic inspection and management of the tracheobronchial system.
Material:
The recommendation was developed in 1997 and updated in 2004 and 2009.
Results:
The recommendations comment on indications and contra-indications, instruments, anesthesia and complications of endoscopic tracheobronchoscopy.
Discussion:
Rapid technical advances in endoscopy have led to changes in indications for different procedures, especially as pertains to rigid and flexible endoscopy. The recommendations are designed to provide guidance for ENT and affiliated specialties for choosing and processing instruments and sedation methods.
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