Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 10, 2026
10:28
Investigating the Relationship between Sea Surface Chlorophyll and Major Features of the South China Sea with Satellite Information
Published on: June 13, 2020
Two-color correlation of atmospheric scintillation
Applied Optics
|August 21, 2010
Summary
Atmospheric turbulence affects light scintillation. Saturation effects in strong turbulence reduce the correlation of two-color light scintillations, deviating from weak-turbulence predictions.
Area of Science:
- Optics
- Atmospheric Physics
- Wave Propagation
Background:
- Turbulent atmospheres cause fluctuations in light intensity, known as scintillation.
- Existing theories often assume weak turbulence, which may not apply in all conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To measure the correlation of two-color light scintillations in a turbulent atmosphere.
- To investigate the impact of strong turbulence and saturation effects on scintillation correlation.
Main Methods:
- Measurements of light scintillations at two different colors were conducted.
- Data was analyzed to determine the correlation under varying turbulence conditions.
Main Results:
- In strong path-integrated turbulence, measured correlation was lower than predicted by weak-turbulence theory.
- A phenomenological theory incorporating saturation effects provided a reasonable approximation to the observed data.
Conclusions:
- Saturation effects in atmospheric turbulence significantly reduce the two-color scintillation correlation.
- The findings highlight the limitations of weak-turbulence models in strong turbulence regimes.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Precipitation and Co-precipitation
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
01:13Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview
Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
01:10Types of Coprecipitation
Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
01:02Flame Photometry: Overview
Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
01:10Calibration Curves: Correlation Coefficient
In a linear calibration curve, there is a value called the calibration coefficient, denoted by 'r,' which measures the strength and the direction of association between two variables. The correlation coefficient value ranges from −1 to +1. A value of +1 indicates a perfect positive linear correlation, −1 denotes a perfect negative correlation, and 0 implies no correlation between the two variables. A positive correlation value establishes that as one variable increases, the other increases, and...
01:16Flame Photometry: Lab
In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...