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Related Concept Videos

Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos
11:02

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos

Published on: April 29, 2011

Polycomb group proteins set the stage for early lineage commitment.

Lauren E Surface1, Seraphim R Thornton, Laurie A Boyer

  • 1Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|September 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins regulate gene expression crucial for cell diversity in mammalian development. Recent studies in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) reveal new insights into PcG protein targeting and their role in differentiation.

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos

Published on: April 29, 2011

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HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cellular diversity in metazoan development relies on precise gene expression control.
  • Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are key transcriptional regulators involved in lineage commitment.
  • The precise mechanisms of PcG protein function during mammalian development remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent insights into Polycomb group protein targeting and function in mammalian development.
  • To elucidate how PcG proteins influence gene expression and multilineage differentiation.
  • To discuss findings from studies in embryonic stem cells (ESCs).

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies focusing on embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
  • Analysis of mechanisms for Polycomb group protein targeting to genomic sites.
  • Examination of how PcG proteins regulate gene expression and differentiation pathways.

Main Results:

  • Recent ESC studies offer new perspectives on PcG protein recruitment to DNA.
  • PcG proteins play dynamic roles in regulating gene expression critical for cell fate.
  • Understanding PcG protein mechanisms is advancing our knowledge of mammalian development.

Conclusions:

  • PcG proteins are essential regulators of gene expression and cellular differentiation in mammals.
  • Embryonic stem cell research provides critical insights into PcG protein targeting and function.
  • Further research on PcG proteins will illuminate developmental processes and potential therapeutic targets.