Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Improving mobility in painful osteoarthritis].

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde·2026
Same author

Differential target multiplexed SCS (DTM SCS): a rational hypothesis.

Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Closed-loop SCS and sensing: now and in the future.

Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)·2026
Same author

History of SCS and patient-focused innovations: a manufacturer's perspective on the role of technology.

Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Percutaneous Intradiscal Hydrogel Implantation Versus Sham Control for Chronic Discogenic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Trial.

Pain physician·2026
Same author

Cost-Effectiveness of Differential Target Multiplexed Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of PSPS Type 1 from the Belgian Perspective.

Journal of pain research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Full-Endoscopic Isolation Zone Technique for the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation
05:42

Full-Endoscopic Isolation Zone Technique for the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation

Published on: April 7, 2023

15. Discogenic low back pain.

Jan Willem Kallewaard1, Michel A M B Terheggen, Gerbrand J Groen

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Alysis Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands. nvdh@skynet.be

Pain Practice : the Official Journal of World Institute of Pain
|September 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic discogenic low back pain, often from spinal disc degeneration, requires accurate diagnosis via provocative discography. Some treatments show promise, but rigorous criteria are needed for effective interventions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Full-Endoscopic Isolation Zone Technique for the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation
05:42

Full-Endoscopic Isolation Zone Technique for the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation

Published on: April 7, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Spine Surgery
  • Pain Management
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Chronic lumbosacral spinal pain is frequently linked to the intervertebral disc, with degeneration causing tears and nociceptor sensitization.
  • Discogenic pain arises from these tears and inflammatory processes within the annulus fibrosus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic criteria for discogenic pain using provocative discography.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of various interventional treatments for chronic discogenic low back pain.

Main Methods:

  • Provocative discography with strict criteria, including standardized pressure monitoring and slow injection rates, is the gold standard for diagnosis.
  • Review of interventional strategies such as radiofrequency ablation, nucleoplasty, and ozone discolysis.

Main Results:

  • A positive discogram requires pain reproduction (>6/10) at specific pressure (<15 psi above opening) and volume (<3.0 mL) thresholds.
  • Radiofrequency ablation of the ramus communicans shows potential (2 B+), while other intradiscal therapies lack sufficient evidence or are not recommended.
  • Many treatments fail to meet minimal criteria for positive treatment advice.

Conclusions:

  • Strict adherence to provocative discography criteria is crucial for accurate diagnosis of discogenic pain.
  • Evidence supporting many interventional treatments is limited, necessitating further research with stringent inclusion criteria.
  • Radiofrequency ablation of the ramus communicans is a potential treatment option, unlike other intradiscal procedures currently lacking robust data.