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Chambers of the Heart

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...

The Aorta

The Aorta

The aorta is the largest artery in the human body. It originates from the left ventricle of the heart and extends down to the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries. Structurally, it can be divided into four main parts: the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, the thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta.
The average diameter of the aorta is approximately 2-3 cm, but the size can vary depending on the section of the aorta and the individual's age, sex, and body size. The aorta is...

Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization

Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization

Right Heart Catheterization: An OverviewRight heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure that measures right-sided cardiac and pulmonary artery pressures, calculates cardiac output, and identifies intracardiac shunts. It provides detailed hemodynamic data essential for diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions, such as pulmonary hypertension.Access SitesCommon access sites for right heart catheterization include the internal jugular vein in the neck region, the...

Coronary Circulation

Coronary Circulation

The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...

Thoracic Aorta

Thoracic Aorta

The thoracic section of the aorta begins at the T5 vertebra and extends to the T12 level at the diaphragm, initially progressing through the mediastinum to the left of the spinal column. Throughout its course in the thoracic segment, the thoracic aorta emits various offshoots known collectively as visceral and parietal branches. The branches that predominantly supply blood to visceral organs are termed visceral branches and include bronchial, pericardial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries,...

Abdominal Aorta

Abdominal Aorta

Once the aorta traverses the diaphragmatic plane at the aortic hiatus, it is known as the abdominal aorta. This anatomical structure is positioned leftward of the spinal column, encased within a cocoon of adipose tissue behind the peritoneal cavity. It terminates at the L4 vertebra, where it splits into the common iliac arteries. Prior to this bifurcation, the abdominal aorta gives rise to several vital branches.
The celiac trunk, a singular artery, divides into the left gastric artery, which...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA)

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA)

Published on: April 24, 2017

Aorta-right atrial tunnel.

Cheemalapati Sai Krishna¹, Dibya Kumar Baruah, Gangireddy Venkateswara Reddy

¹Department of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery, Apollo Heart Institute, Visakhapatnam, India. csaikrishna@yahoo.com

Texas Heart Institute Journal

|September 17, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A rare aorta-right atrial tunnel, a vascular channel, can cause heart failure. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing this congenital anomaly.

Keywords:

Aorta/abnormalities/surgery coronary vessel anomalies/classification/diagnosis diagnosis, differential heart atria/abnormalities/surgery sinus of Valsalva tomography, X-ray computed treatment outcome vena cava, superior/abnormalities

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Surgery
Medical Imaging
Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

Aorta-right atrial tunnel is a rare vascular anomaly originating from the aortic sinuses of Valsalva.
It can present asymptomatically or with severe symptoms like congestive heart failure.

Observation:

Diagnosis relies on 2D echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and CT angiography.
Potential complications necessitate early treatment, even for hemodynamically insignificant shunts.

Findings:

This study presents two cases of aorta-right atrial tunnel, detailing imaging outcomes and surgical interventions.
Successful coronary artery reimplantation was achieved in one case.

Implications:

Early diagnosis and intervention are vital for managing aorta-right atrial tunnel to prevent complications.
Various treatment options exist, including catheter-based, ligation, and surgical closure.