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Related Concept Videos

Serial Position Effect01:03

Serial Position Effect

The serial position effect is a cognitive phenomenon where individuals are more likely to recall the first and last items in a list compared to those in the middle. This effect is divided into the primacy effect and the recency effect. The primacy effect is observed when the initial items in a list are remembered better. This occurs because these items are rehearsed more frequently or receive more elaborative processing, allowing them to be encoded into long-term memory more effectively. For...
Traumatic Memory01:20

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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual remembers mundane...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

The temporal contiguity effect predicts episodic memory performance.

Per B Sederberg1, Jonathan F Miller, Marc W Howard

  • 1Ohio State University, Department of Psychology, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. sederberg.1@osu.edu

Memory & Cognition
|September 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Episodic memory relies on associative processes.
  • Response order reveals temporal and semantic associations.
  • Understanding retrieval strategies is key to memory research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the correlation between recall performance and the use of semantic/temporal associations.
  • To investigate how retrieval strategies influence episodic memory.
  • To test predictions from two models of episodic memory.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed response order in nine delayed free recall studies.
  • Quantified temporal contiguity effects in participant recall.
  • Correlated these effects with overall recall performance.

Main Results:

  • Temporal contiguity effects significantly predicted recall performance.
  • Stronger temporal associations correlated with better memory recall.
  • Semantic associations also played a role in retrieval patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Effective formation and retrieval of temporal associations enhance episodic memory.
  • Temporal proximity is a crucial factor in successful memory retrieval.
  • Findings support models emphasizing associative processes in episodic memory.