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Related Concept Videos

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
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Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
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Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
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Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.
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Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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Algorithm for phase-difference measurement in phase-shifting interferometry.

C S Vikram, W K Witherow, J D Trolinger

    Applied Optics
    |September 22, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A novel phase-shifting algorithm simplifies phase-difference analysis using only six frames. This method efficiently measures concentration changes in real-time holographic interferometry experiments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Metrology
    • Interferometry
    • Phase Analysis

    Background:

    • Phase-shifting interferometry is crucial for precise optical measurements.
    • Accurate phase-difference analysis often requires numerous data frames and known phase steps.
    • Existing methods can be complex and time-consuming.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a simplified phase-shifting algorithm for efficient phase-difference analysis.
    • To reduce the number of required data frames for interferometric measurements.
    • To enable real-time analysis of dynamic optical phenomena.

    Main Methods:

    • A novel three-step phase-shifting algorithm is proposed.
    • The algorithm utilizes an original frame and two equal, unknown phase steps.
    • Experimental verification is performed using real-time holographic interferometry.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed algorithm requires only six frames for phase-difference analysis between two stages.
    • The method successfully demonstrated phase-difference analysis with unknown phase steps.
    • Real-time measurement of concentration changes in a sugar-water solution was achieved.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed phase-shifting algorithm offers an efficient and simplified approach to phase-difference analysis.
    • This method significantly reduces data acquisition requirements, enabling faster measurements.
    • The technique is suitable for real-time monitoring of dynamic processes in optical metrology.