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Related Concept Videos

Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual remembers mundane...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Amnesia01:13

Amnesia

Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories.
The severity and duration of memory loss vary depending on the type and underlying cause. Amnesia is classified into two main types: retrograde and anterograde.
Retrograde amnesia is marked by the loss of memories formed before the onset of the condition. Patients may recall distant past events but often forget those occurring shortly before the incident.
Anterograde...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Assessing Spatial Memory Impairment in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury Using a Radial Water Tread Maze
06:09

Assessing Spatial Memory Impairment in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury Using a Radial Water Tread Maze

Published on: July 17, 2017

Retrieval practice: a simple strategy for improving memory after traumatic brain injury.

James F Sumowski1, Hali G Wood, Nancy Chiaravalloti

  • 1Neuropsychology & Neuroscience Laboratory, Kessler Foundation Research Center, West Orange, New Jersey 07052, USA. jsumowski@kesslerfoundation.org

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|October 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Retrieval practice significantly improves memory recall in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). This effective memory strategy benefits TBI patients more than traditional restudy methods.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Assessing Spatial Memory Impairment in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury Using a Radial Water Tread Maze
06:09

Assessing Spatial Memory Impairment in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury Using a Radial Water Tread Maze

Published on: July 17, 2017

A Metric Test for Assessing Spatial Working Memory in Adult Rats Following Traumatic Brain Injury
05:53

A Metric Test for Assessing Spatial Working Memory in Adult Rats Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: May 7, 2021

Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
10:59

Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: November 19, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurorehabilitation

Background:

  • Memory impairment is a prevalent and challenging deficit following traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  • Existing interventions to enhance memory in TBI populations have shown limited efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effectiveness of retrieval practice as a memory enhancement strategy in individuals with TBI.
  • To compare retrieval practice with massed and spaced restudy learning conditions in TBI patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A verbal paired associate paradigm was employed.
  • Participants included 14 individuals with chronic TBI-related memory impairment and 14 age-matched healthy controls.
  • Learning conditions comprised massed restudy, spaced restudy, and retrieval practice.

Main Results:

  • A significant interaction between learning condition and group (TBI vs. healthy) was observed.
  • Healthy controls showed benefits from spaced restudy over massed restudy.
  • Both TBI patients and healthy controls demonstrated substantial improvements in delayed recall with retrieval practice compared to massed and spaced restudy.

Conclusions:

  • Retrieval practice is a highly effective mnemonic strategy for improving memory in individuals with TBI.
  • Unlike other strategies such as distributed learning, retrieval practice offers significant benefits for TBI-related memory deficits.