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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...
Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...
Protein Transport to the Stroma01:24

Protein Transport to the Stroma

Chloroplasts are triple membrane structures with an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and a thylakoid membrane, each containing distinct metabolite transporters, membrane translocons, and enzymes. Appropriate sorting and translocating these proteins to their correct membrane systems is essential for chloroplast function.
Protein complexes called the translocon of the outer chloroplast membrane or TOC complex, and the translocon of the inner chloroplast membrane or TIC complex mediate the...
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin...
Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane01:18

Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane

Proteins targeted to the inner chloroplast membrane, or plastid proteins, are transported by two general pathways: the stop-transfer and the re-insertion or post-import pathways. Most plastid proteins carry N-terminal transit sequences and internal import sequences targeting it to the specific chloroplast subcompartment. Proteins targeted by the stop-transfer pathway have internal hydrophobic sequences that inhibit their translocation into the stroma. As a result, these precursors are arrested...

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Metabolic Labeling and Membrane Fractionation for Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Suspension Cell Cultures
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Metabolic Labeling and Membrane Fractionation for Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Suspension Cell Cultures

Published on: September 28, 2013

Plant organelle proteomics: collaborating for optimal cell function.

Ganesh Kumar Agrawal1, Jacques Bourguignon, Norbert Rolland

  • 1Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), P.O. Box 13265, Sanepa, Kathmandu, Nepal. gkagrawal123@gmail.com.

Mass Spectrometry Reviews
|November 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review comprehensively covers plant organelle proteomics, detailing organelle significance, isolation, and protein identification. It explores organelle function, evolution, and their dynamic roles in plant cells.

Keywords:
cellmammalmass spectrometryorganelleplantproteomicsreview

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Area of Science:

  • * Plant organelle proteomics.
  • * Cellular biology and biochemistry.
  • * Proteomics and bioinformatics.

Background:

  • * Organelles are dynamic, membrane-bound cellular structures crucial for cell function.
  • * Plant cells possess unique organelles like plastids, differing from animal cells.
  • * While animal organelle proteomics is extensive, plant organelle proteomics faces challenges like isolation complexity and purity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To provide a comprehensive review of plant organelle proteomics.
  • * To cover organelle significance, isolation techniques, and protein identification methods.
  • * To discuss the biology, function, and evolution of plant organelles.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of existing literature on plant organelle proteomics.
  • * Analysis of data on organelle protein composition and function.
  • * Synthesis of information on organelle isolation, enrichment, and purity.

Main Results:

  • * Plant organelle proteomics is a growing field despite challenges.
  • * Proteomic data aids understanding of organelle functions in different plant tissues and developmental stages.
  • * Organelle protein components exhibit dynamic behavior influenced by environment and development.

Conclusions:

  • * Plant organelle proteomics is essential for understanding cellular processes and evolution.
  • * Overcoming isolation and purity challenges is key to advancing the field.
  • * This review consolidates current knowledge and highlights future research directions.