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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
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Carbohydrate Absorption01:25

Carbohydrate Absorption

Carbohydrates are essential macronutrients that serve as the body's primary energy source. Their digestion begins in the mouth, where salivary amylase partially breaks down complex carbohydrates such as starch into smaller oligosaccharides. This mechanical and enzymatic activity prepares carbohydrates for further processing in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Inborn Errors of Metabolism

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Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

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Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and 'exit' via the...
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Lipid Absorption

Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
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Measuring Lactase Enzymatic Activity in the Teaching Lab
04:41

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Published on: August 6, 2018

Lactose malabsorption.

Richard J Grand1, Robert K Montgomery

  • 1GI Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and General Clinical Research Center, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. richard.grand@childrens.harvard.edu

Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology
|November 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lactose malabsorption causes digestive issues like bloating and diarrhea due to lactase deficiency. Treatment involves dietary changes and enzyme supplements, with long-term restriction generally unnecessary.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Lactose malabsorption presents with diverse gastrointestinal symptoms.
  • It stems from reduced intestinal lactase activity, either primarily (genetic, congenital, developmental) or secondarily (mucosal injury from conditions like celiac disease or gastroenteritis).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the causes, diagnosis, and management of lactose malabsorption.
  • To differentiate lactose malabsorption from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and discuss treatment implications.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical evaluation is key for diagnosis.
  • Confirmation is typically achieved through a lactose breath hydrogen test.

Main Results:

  • Symptoms are nonspecific, often overlapping with IBS, necessitating careful diagnosis.
  • Treatment focuses on lactose avoidance, calcium/protein supplementation, and enzyme therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term lactose restriction is usually not required and may negatively impact bone mineral density.
  • Management should balance symptom relief with nutritional adequacy and bone health.