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Related Concept Videos

Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
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Endospores and Sporulation

Endospores are specialized, dormant cells primarily formed by Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus and Clostridium, enabling survival under extreme environmental conditions. Due to their unique composition and formation process, these structures are highly resistant to physical and chemical insults, such as extreme heat, ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, desiccation, and toxic chemicals. Rare instances of endospore-like structures have also been observed in some Gram-negative bacteria,...
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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
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Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Osmolarity

Osmolarity is the measure of solute concentration in a solution. It plays a critical role in determining water availability for organisms. Water moves across semipermeable membranes through osmosis, flowing from regions of lower solute concentration (more dilute) to regions of higher solute concentration (more concentrated).In high-solute environments, microbial cells lose water, leading to dehydration and inhibited growth. The extent to which water is available to microbes in such environments...
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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Quantifying the Cytotoxicity of Staphylococcus aureus Against Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
12:27

Quantifying the Cytotoxicity of Staphylococcus aureus Against Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Published on: January 3, 2020

Desiccation tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus.

Plykaeow Chaibenjawong1, Simon J Foster

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.

Archives of Microbiology
|November 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Staphylococcus aureus can survive over 1,000 days in dry conditions. Key genes like clpX, sigB, and yjbH are crucial for this desiccation tolerance, offering potential targets to control this pathogen.

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Improved Enzyme Protection Assay to Study Staphylococcus aureus Internalization and Intracellular Efficacy of Antimicrobial Compounds
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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Quantifying the Cytotoxicity of Staphylococcus aureus Against Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
12:27

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Improved Enzyme Protection Assay to Study Staphylococcus aureus Internalization and Intracellular Efficacy of Antimicrobial Compounds
06:36

Improved Enzyme Protection Assay to Study Staphylococcus aureus Internalization and Intracellular Efficacy of Antimicrobial Compounds

Published on: September 8, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pathogen Survival
  • Environmental Stress Response

Background:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is a multidrug-resistant pathogen causing various human diseases.
  • This bacterium can persist in dry environments like skin, nasal passages, and surfaces.
  • Understanding its survival mechanisms is critical for infection control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate parameters influencing Staphylococcus aureus desiccation tolerance.
  • To identify specific genes and components essential for survival under dry conditions.
  • To establish a robust model for S. aureus desiccation tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Determined the role of environmental factors (temperature, growth phase, cell density, desiccation time, protectants).
  • Utilized a combination of random screening and analysis of defined mutants.
  • Investigated the function of identified genes (clpX, sigB, yjbH).

Main Results:

  • S. aureus demonstrated remarkable survival, persisting over 1,097 days on dry plastic surfaces.
  • Genes clpX, sigB, and yjbH were identified as essential for desiccation tolerance.
  • ClpX (part of ATP-dependent ClpXP protease) and YjbH play roles in protein turnover and stress resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental parameters significantly impact S. aureus desiccation tolerance.
  • Specific molecular components, including clpX, sigB, and yjbH, are vital for bacterial survival in dry states.
  • Elucidating these mechanisms may reveal targets to prevent pathogen spread in healthcare and community settings.